TwinaForms Help

Writing formulas in TwinaForms.

Formulas compute a field's value live as users fill the form — from simple concatenations like a full name, to totals, date math, and conditional messages. This page is a practical reference with copy-paste examples.

Where formulas work

Turn any Text or Number field into a formula field from the Designer's Element Properties panel. The field becomes read-only in the published form and recomputes every time a source field changes.

Recalculates live as the user types.
Submits the computed value to Salesforce along with everything else.
Formulas can reference input fields, but not other formula fields (no formula‑to‑formula chains in v1).
Not yet available inside repeat groups.

Syntax basics

Field references

Wrap a field's Internal Name (ID) in curly braces. Internal IDs are auto-generated and look like text2, number4, email5, checkbox11, radio10 — not the friendly label you typed.

{text2}
{number4}
{checkbox11}

You don't have to type them. In the formula editor use the Insert field dropdown (the list shows each field's friendly label with its internal ID in parentheses) and click Insert — the correct reference is placed at the cursor.

Literals

"Hello" — string (double quotes).
42, 3.14, -1 — numbers.
true, false — booleans.

Function calls

Function names are uppercase. Arguments are separated by commas.

IF({isVip}, "Priority", "Standard")
CONCAT({firstName}, " ", {lastName})

Common pitfall with IF: use == for equality, not a single =. A single equals sign is not a valid operator here and the formula will fail.
❌ IF({status} = "Open", "Yes", "No")
✅ IF({status} == "Open", "Yes", "No")

Operators

Arithmetic

+ - * /

{quantity} * {unitPrice}
({subtotal} + {tax}) - {discount}

Comparison

== != < > <= >=

String comparisons are case-sensitive. Use IF({rating} == "Hot", …) with the exact picklist value.

Logical

and or not

IF({total} > 100 and {isMember}, "Member discount", "")

Examples

Copy, paste into a Text or Number formula field, and replace the field references with yours.

Field names in these examples are placeholders. Below we use readable names like {firstName} or {quantity} to make the logic easy to follow. In your form, the real references look like {text2}, {number4}, etc. Use the Insert field dropdown in the Designer to pick the right one — it inserts the correct internal ID for you.

Full name from two fields

Text formula. Uses CONCAT so "John" + " " + "Doe" becomes "John Doe".

CONCAT({firstName}, " ", {lastName})

Line total

Number formula. Multiplies quantity by unit price.

{quantity} * {unitPrice}

Line total with tax, rounded to cents

Number formula. The outer ROUND keeps the result to two decimals.

ROUND({quantity} * {unitPrice} * 1.17, 2)

Equality check — IF(A == B, …)

Text formula. Compare a field to a literal value using ==. String comparisons are case‑sensitive, so match the exact picklist or input value.

IF({rating} == "Hot", "Contact today", "Regular follow-up")

VIP greeting

Text formula. Shows a personalized line only for members.

IF({isMember},
   CONCAT("Welcome back, ", {firstName}, "!"),
   CONCAT("Hello, ", {firstName}))

Default to "N/A" when a field is empty

Text formula. COALESCE returns the first non-blank argument.

COALESCE({nickname}, {firstName}, "N/A")

Age from a date of birth

Number formula. Approximate age using year difference.

YEAR(TODAY()) - YEAR({dateOfBirth})

Discount band

Text formula. Nested IF forms a simple tiered rule.

IF({orderTotal} >= 1000, "Gold",
 IF({orderTotal} >= 500, "Silver",
 IF({orderTotal} >= 100, "Bronze", "Standard")))

Shipping fee rule

Number formula. Free shipping above $100, otherwise flat $9.90.

IF({orderTotal} >= 100, 0, 9.90)

Case reference

Text formula. Builds a unique-looking id the user can quote in support.

CONCAT("REF-", YEAR(TODAY()), "-", {email})

Day of the week for a chosen date

Text formula. DAYNAME follows the form's language, so a Hebrew form shows יום שישי.

DAYNAME({appointmentDate})

Block weekend bookings

Text formula. WEEKDAY returns 1 for Sunday through 7 for Saturday.

IF(OR(WEEKDAY({appointmentDate}) == 6, WEEKDAY({appointmentDate}) == 7),
   "Please pick a weekday", "")

Date and time to a Salesforce date-time field

Text formula on a hidden field. Joins a Date field and a Time field into one value that Salesforce reads as a date-time. Then, in Submit Actions, map this hidden field to the Salesforce date-time field. A Date field reads as YYYY-MM-DD and a Time field as HH:mm (24-hour) in a formula, whatever format the person sees.

TZDATETIME({startDate}, {startTime}, "Asia/Jerusalem")

The third part is the time zone name. 10:00 entered by the person is saved as 10:00 in that zone, with the right summer or winter offset for that date. Salesforce stores it in UTC and shows each user their own time. The result is blank until both the date and the time are filled in. Use "UTC" for UTC.

Good to know. The Date and Time must be normal fields, because a formula cannot read another formula. The zone name can be copied from the Salesforce time zone list (Setup → Company Information; the name in brackets, for example Asia/Jerusalem). To show an existing date-time on a form, create a Date formula field and a Time formula field on the Salesforce object and prefill those.

The current time in a time zone

Text formula on a hidden field. NOW() is the visitor's own clock, with no time zone. Give NOW a zone name and you get that zone's time with the exact offset, ready for a Salesforce date-time field, whatever country the visitor is in.

NOW("Asia/Jerusalem")

On 6 October 2026 at 16:32 in Jerusalem this gives 2026-10-06T16:32:28+03:00. In winter the same formula ends in +02:00.

Time zone names

The zone goes in quotes as a name of the form Region/City, spelled exactly like this, with underscores instead of spaces. In the formula editor, use Find a time zone under the formula buttons: type a city, such as Los Angeles, and click the result to put the name in the formula. If a name is not valid, the editor says Unknown time zone and does not let you save.

Asia/Jerusalem — Israel
Europe/London — United Kingdom
Europe/Paris, Europe/Berlin, Europe/Madrid
America/New_York — US Eastern
America/Chicago — US Central
America/Denver — US Mountain
America/Los_Angeles — US Pacific
Asia/Dubai, Asia/Kolkata, Asia/Tokyo
Australia/Sydney
UTC — no offset

Use your Salesforce zone. The name in your Salesforce time zone list (in brackets, for example Asia/Jerusalem) is the same name. The Page Layout import fills in your organization's own zone for you.

Limits & gotchas

String comparisons are case-sensitive. "Hot" == "hot" is false.
Empty fields become null, not an empty string. Wrap with COALESCE({field}, "") if you need a safe default.
Dates are browser-local. A user in Tel Aviv and one in New York can see different TODAY() values for a few hours each day.
No formula-to-formula references. If you need a nested calculation, inline it in a single expression.
No support inside repeat groups yet. Place formulas on top-level fields only.
Formula fields ignore prefill. The source fields prefill normally and the formula recalculates from them.
Invalid input returns null. VALUE("hello") is blank, not zero.

Tip: Build formulas incrementally. Start with the simplest case, publish, fill the form, confirm the computed value in the Submission Logs, then extend. Logs show the final computed value as submitted, which makes it easy to spot where a nested expression went wrong.

Built-in functions

Every function is uppercase. Arguments that are blank become null; conversion functions return null on invalid input.

Logic

IF(cond, ifTrue, ifFalse)

Returns ifTrue when the condition is truthy, otherwise ifFalse.

COALESCE(a, b, c, …)

First argument that is not blank.

ISBLANK(value)

True when the value is empty, null, or whitespace-only.

AND(…), OR(…)

True when all / any of the arguments are true. The infix forms {a} AND {b} and {a} OR {b} also work.

NOT(value)

Inverts a true/false value.

Text

CONCAT(…)

Joins all arguments as text. Use with strings, field refs, or numbers.

TEXT(value)

Converts any value to its text representation.

URLENCODE(value)

Encodes text so it is safe inside a URL query parameter.

LEFT(text, count)

First count characters.

RIGHT(text, count)

Last count characters.

MID(text, start, count)

count characters starting at position start. The first character is position 1.

LEN(text)

Number of characters.

TRIM(text)

Removes leading and trailing whitespace.

UPPER(text), LOWER(text)

Converts to upper or lower case.

SUBSTITUTE(text, old, new)

Replaces every occurrence of old with new.

CONTAINS(text, find)

True when find appears anywhere in text. Case-sensitive.

BEGINS(text, find)

True when text starts with find. Case-sensitive.

Numbers

VALUE(text)

Parses text into a number. Returns blank if the text isn't a valid number.

ROUND(num, digits)

Rounds num to the given number of decimal places.

ABS(num)

Absolute value.

MIN(…), MAX(…)

Smallest / largest value among the arguments, or in a Records List column: MAX({rows.score}). Empty rows are skipped; a 0 is a real value.

MOD(num, divisor)

Remainder after division. Blank when the divisor is 0.

CEILING(num), FLOOR(num)

Rounds up / down to a whole number.

POWER(base, exponent)

base raised to exponent.

SQRT(num)

Square root. Blank for negative numbers.

Records List totals

Outside a Records List, {rows.score} is the whole score column, one entry per row.

SUM(values)

Adds the numbers. Empty rows are skipped.

AVERAGE(values)

Average of the rows that hold a number. Empty rows are not counted.

COUNT(values)

Number of rows that are not empty. A row holding 0 counts.

COUNTIF(values, match)

Number of rows equal to match, ignoring case. COUNTIF({rows.score}, "") counts the empty rows, and a 0 is not empty.

SUMIF(values, tests, match)

Adds values only on the rows where tests equals match. SUMIF({rows.score}, {rows.status}, "Approved")

Empty rows and zeros

An empty cell is not a zero. A row left blank, or holding only spaces, is empty: the totals skip it, so it neither adds to a sum nor pulls an average down. A row holding 0 is a real value and is included. Text that is not a number, such as n/a, is skipped by the number functions.

Take a score column with five rows: 10, (empty), 0, (spaces only), 5.

Formula	Result	Why
SUM({rows.score})	15	10 + 0 + 5. The two empty rows add nothing.
AVERAGE({rows.score})	5	15 ÷ 3. Only the three rows with a number are counted, so the empty rows do not pull the average down.
MAX({rows.score})	10	Largest of 10, 0 and 5.
MIN({rows.score})	0	The 0 is a real value. If no row held 0, the empty rows would not count as one.
COUNT({rows.score})	3	Rows that are not empty. The 0 counts.
COUNTIF({rows.score}, "")	2	The empty rows — the spaces-only row included.
COUNTIF({rows.score}, "0")	1	Only the row holding 0.

When every row is empty, SUM and COUNT return 0, and AVERAGE, MIN and MAX return blank. To show a 0 instead, wrap it: COALESCE(AVERAGE({rows.score}), 0).

Date & time

TODAY()

Current date as YYYY-MM-DD (browser local time).

NOW(zone)

Current timestamp as YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss from the visitor's browser clock. Add a time zone name to get that zone's time with the exact offset, for a Salesforce date-time field: NOW("Asia/Jerusalem") gives 2026-10-06T16:32:28+03:00.

YEAR(date)

Four-digit year from a date.

MONTH(date)

Month as 1–12.

DAY(date)

Day of month as 1–31.

WEEKDAY(date)

Day of week as a number, 1 = Sunday through 7 = Saturday.

DAYNAME(date)

Day of week as text in the form's language — Friday, יום שישי. Pass a language to override: DAYNAME({date1}, "en").

DATE(year, month, day)

Builds a date from three numbers. Blank if the date isn't real, such as 31 February.

ADDMONTHS(date, months)

Shifts a date by whole months, clamping to the last day of the target month. Use a negative number to go back.

DATEVALUE(value)

Takes the date part of a timestamp or date text, as YYYY-MM-DD.

TZDATETIME(date, time, zone)

Joins a Date and a Time into a date-time with the exact offset of a time zone on that date, for example TZDATETIME({d}, {t}, "Asia/Jerusalem"). Blank if the date or time is empty.